McAfee, the device-to-cloud cybersecurity company, has released its McAfee Labs Threats Report: June 2018, examining the growth and trends of new malware, ransomware and other threats in Q1 2018.
McAfee Labs saw on average five new threat samples every second, including growth in cryptojacking and other cryptocurrency mining malware, as well as notable campaigns demonstrating a deliberate drive to technically improve upon the most sophisticated established attacks of 2017.
“There were new revelations this quarter concerning complex nation-state cyberattack campaigns targeting users and enterprise systems worldwide,” said Raj Samani, Chief Scientist at McAfee. “Bad actors demonstrated a remarkable level of technical agility and innovation in tools and tactics. Criminals continued to adopt cryptocurrency mining to easily monetise their criminal activity.”
Cybercriminals extended their operations in cryptojacking and other cryptocurrency mining schemes, where perpetrators hijack victims’ browsers or infect their systems to secretly use them to mine for legitimate cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
This category of coin miner malware grew a stunning 629% in the first quarter of 2018, rocketing from around 400,000 total known samples in Q4 2017 to more than 2.9 million the next quarter.
This suggests that cybercriminals are continuing to warm to the prospect of simply infecting users’ systems and collecting payments without having to rely on third parties to monetise their crimes.
“Cybercriminals will gravitate to criminal activity that maximises their profit,” said Steve Grobman, Chief Technology Officer at McAfee. “In recent quarters we have seen a shift to ransomware from data-theft, as ransomware is a more efficient crime. With the rise in value of cryptocurrencies, the market forces are driving criminals to cryptojacking and the theft of cryptocurrency. Cybercrime is a business, and market forces will continue to shape where adversaries focus their efforts.”
Bitcoin-stealing campaigns
The Lazarus cybercrime ring launched a highly sophisticated Bitcoin-stealing phishing campaign – HaoBao – which targeted global financial organisations and Bitcoin users. When recipients open malicious email attachments, an implant would scan for Bitcoin activity and establishes an implant for persistent data-gathering and cryptomining.
Gold Dragon: Attacks on South Korea
In January, McAfee Advanced Threat Research reported an attack targeting organisations involved in the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea. The attack was executed via a malicious Microsoft Word attachment containing a hidden PowerShell implant script. The script was embedded within an image file and executed from a remote server. Dubbed Gold Dragon, the resulting fileless implant encrypted stolen data, sent the data to the attackers’ command and control servers, performed reconnaissance functions and monitored anti-malware solutions to evade them.
Hidden Cobra: GhostSecret and Bankshot
Operation GhostSecret targeted the healthcare, finance, entertainment and telecommunications sectors. Operation GhostSecret is believed to be associated with the international cybercrime group known as Hidden Cobra. The campaign, which employs a series of implants to appropriate data from infected systems, is also characterised by its ability to evade detection and throw forensic investigators off its trail.
The latest Bankshot variation of GhostSecret uses an embedded Adobe Flash exploit to enable the execution of implants. It also incorporates elements of the Destover malware, which was used in the 2014 Sony Pictures attack, and the Proxysvc implant, a previously undocumented implant that has operated undetected since mid-2017.
Security incidents by industry
McAfee Labs counted 313 publicly disclosed security incidents in Q1 2018, a 41% increase over Q4. Incidents involving multiple sectors (37) and those targeting multiple regions (120) were the leading types of incidents in Q1.
- Healthcare. Disclosed incidents in healthcare rose 47%. Cybercriminals continued to target the sector with the SAMSA ransomware and there were numerous cases in which hospitals were compelled to pay the criminals.
- Education. Incidents of attacks on the education sector rose 40%, with ransomware being a notable culprit in attacks on schools and related institutions.
- Finance. Disclosed incidents increased by 39%, which included continuous attacks on the SWIFT banking system. These attacks were not always region specific, as was the case in previous years, but McAfee identified activity in Russia and related reconnaissance efforts in Turkey and South America.
Other Q1 2018 threat activity
In Q1 2018, McAfee Labs recorded, on average, five new malware samples per second, including threats showing notable technical developments improving upon the latest successful technologies and tactics to outmaneuver their targets’ defences.
- From PowerShell to LNK. While PowerShell attacks slowed from its 2017 surge, cybercriminals saw increases in exploits of other benign technologies. The total count of malware that exploits LNK capabilities surged 59% over the previous quarter.
- From Locky to Gandcrab. Although the growth in new ransomware slowed by 32% in Q1 2018, the Gandcrab strain infected around 50,000 systems in the first three weeks of the quarter, supplanting Locky ransomware variants as the quarter’s ransomware leader. Gandcrab uses new criminal methodologies, such as transacting ransom payments through the Dash cryptocurrency rather than through Bitcoin.
- Malware. The total number of malware samples grew 37% in the past four quarters to more than 734 million samples.
- Mobile malware. Total known malware samples grew 42% in the past four quarters. Global infections of mobile devices fell by 2%; Africa reported the highest rate, at 15%.
